Facts and Policy Reforms for Mississippi
Like most states, Mississippi’s prison population has exploded in recent decades.
Mississippi imprisons people at the third highest per capita rate in the country, and the state’s prison population has grown nearly fivefold since 1980.
Drug-related offenses dominate prison admissions in Mississippi, accounting for 1 in 3 admissions in 2015. They’re also a major reason why so many people are stuck in prison in the state – despite a 38 percent decrease in the number of people in prison for drug offenses since 2011, people serving time for those offenses still accounted for more than 1 in 5 people in Mississippi prisons in 2018. While Mississippi has adopted reforms to reduce sentences for drug admissions, the average length of imprisonment grew by nearly 40 percent between 2005 and 2015, and state law requires extraordinarily long sentences. For example, selling just 2 grams of most drugs carries up to 20 years in prison in Mississippi.
Unsurprisingly, Mississippi’s mass incarceration crisis has had an enormous impact on people of color, especially Black people. As of 2014, the proportion of Black people imprisoned in Mississippi was the third highest in the country. While Black men constituted 65 percent of the male prison population in 2016, they made up only 34 percent of the adult male population in the state. Ending mass incarceration is a critical — although insufficient — step towards addressing racial disparities in Mississippi’s criminal justice system as well as its broader society.
And all this incarceration is expensive – in 2015 Mississippi spent $327 million on corrections, nearly 6 percent of the state’s general fund expenditures.
But it doesn’t have to be this way.
Mississippi can dramatically reduce its prison population by implementing just a few sensible reforms:
- Reclassifying drug and minor property offenses as misdemeanors rather than felonies.
- Reforming mandatory minimum and severe sentencing enhancement laws.
- Implementing explicit racial justice strategies to drive down racial disparities, such as reducing the use of pretrial detention and eliminating wealth-based incarceration.
- Promoting alternatives to incarceration like substance abuse treatment, mental health care, and other programs.
- Giving judges the ability to use options other than incarceration rather than being mandated by the legislature to send people to prison for certain crimes.
- Eliminating or addressing eligibility restrictions that prevent thousands of people from earning credits against their prison sentences through participation in educational, vocational, and other opportunities while in prison.
- Improving parole and release policies and practices to ensure that more eligible people are released earlier from prison.
If Mississippi were to follow these and other reforms outlined in this Smart Justice 50-State Blueprint, by 2025 it could have 8,742 fewer people in its prison system, saving the state over $300 million that could be invested in schools, services, and other resources that would strengthen communities. (Total prison population reduction may be +/- 2 due to rounding.)
For more information, along with detailed breakdowns of Mississippi’s prison population and the reforms needed to reduce it, click here.